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else elsif
Combined from primary sources listed below.

In Control flow§

See primary documentation in context for else/elsif

A compound conditional may be produced by following an if conditional with else to provide an alternative block to run when the conditional expression is false:

if 0 { say "no" } else { say "yes" }   ; # says "yes" 
if 0 { say "no" } else{ say "yes" }    ; # says "yes", space is not required 

The else cannot be separated from the conditional statement by a semicolon, but as a special case, it is OK to have a newline.

if 0 { say "no" }; else { say "yes" }  ; # syntax error 
if 0 { say "no" }
else { say "yes" }                     ; # says "yes" 

Additional conditions may be sandwiched between the if and the else using elsif. An extra condition will only be evaluated if all the conditions before it were false, and only the block next to the first true condition will be run. You can end with an elsif instead of an else if you want.

if 0 { say "no" } elsif False { say "NO" } else { say "yes" } # says "yes" 
if 0 { say "no" } elsif True { say "YES" } else { say "yes" } # says "YES" 
 
if 0 { say "no" } elsif False { say "NO" } # does not say anything 
 
sub right { "Right!".say; True }
sub wrong { "Wrong!".say; False }
if wrong() { say "no" } elsif right() { say "yes" } else { say "maybe" }
# The above says "Wrong!" then says "Right!" then says "yes"

You cannot use the statement modifier form with else or elsif:

42.say if 0 else { 43.say }            # syntax error 

All the same rules for semicolons and newlines apply, consistently

if 0 { say 0 }; elsif 1 { say 1 }  else { say "how?" } ; # syntax error 
if 0 { say 0 }  elsif 1 { say 1 }; else { say "how?" } ; # syntax error 
if 0 { say 0 }  elsif 1 { say 1 }  else { say "how?" } ; # says "1" 
if 0 { say 0 } elsif 1 { say 1 }
else { say "how?" }                                    ; # says "1" 
 
if 0 { say 0 }
elsif 1 { say 1 } else { say "how?" }                  ; # says "1" 
 
if        0 { say "no" }
elsif False { say "NO" }
else        { say "yes" }                              ; # says "yes"

The whole thing either slips us an empty list (if no blocks were run) or returns the value produced by the block that did run:

my $d = 0; say (1,
                (if 0 { $d += 42; "two"; } elsif False { $d += 43; 2; }),
                3, $d); # says "(1 3 0)" 
my $c = 0; say (1,
                (if 0 { $c += 42; "two"; } else { $c += 43; 2; }),
                3, $c); # says "(1 2 3 43)"

It's possible to obtain the value of the previous expression inside an else, which could be from if or the last elsif if any are present:

$_ = 1; if 0     { } else -> $a { "$_ $a".say } ; # says "1 0" 
$_ = 1; if False { } else -> $a { "$_ $a".say } ; # says "1 False" 
 
if False { } elsif 0 { } else -> $a { $a.say }  ; # says "0"